What Type of Nurse Are You

What Type of Nurse Are You There are such a significant number of various kinds of attendants. These incorporate enrolled medical attendants, travel attendants, nurture professionals, and working room nurture just to give some examples. Have you at any point thought about what kind of attendant you may be in the event that you choose to seek after nursing as a profession? Or then again perhaps in the event that you are in the correct field of nursing dependent on your needs? This test is immaculate to assist you with choosing dependent on your likes. Source [ Playbuzz ]

Personal Essay on Changing Schools Essay Example

Individual Essay on Changing Schools Essay At the point when I discovered I was changing schools I felt like my entire world was going to end. I would not like to leave my old fashioned and my companions. My father got an opening for work and was moved to another state so my family and I didn't have a decision yet to go. So much uneasiness developed inside as I understood that I needed to make new companions at another school. Additionally, staying alert that I needed to retake a class since a portion of my credits didn't move. At the point when I did started my first seven day stretch of school as long as I can remember improved. On the principal day of school I traveled into class contemplating internally, â€Å"I can in all probability make this new school thing work.† The main work area I saw was open so I sat in it. The educator called me to the front of the class. I was extremely anxious as the palm of my hands became sweat-soaked as I strolled to the front of the class. She obligingly expressed, â€Å"Class we have new understudy. Her name is Sarahlyn Argrow.† I returned to my work area with a grin all over. At the point when the chime rang I went to my next class which was financial aspects. Financial aspects was one of the classes I needed to retake since it didn’t move over from my other secondary school. I met my closest companion till this day Leya Ferguson in my monetary class. As I am sitting in the front of the class a young lady came and sat in the work area directly close to me. â€Å"Hey what is your name? Are you new here?† she addressed. â€Å"Hi my name is Sarahlyn Argrow and yes I am new here.† I delightedly answered. We proceeded with the discussion. We both had the option to become more acquainted with one another well overall. We began going out to see the films, shopping center, and simply hanging out. We managed everything well. We even gone for the cheerleading group together; an encounter I will always remember! We both made the group and have been the end of companions from that point forward. Making new companions wasn’t as hard as I suspected it would have been. Making the cheerleading group accompanied a ton of extraordinary things. The group was extremely pleasant and they greeted me onto the group wholeheartedly. I became commander thus did my companion Leya. Going onto the cheerleading I thought it would have been elusive my place in another group. I was accustomed to being around with the young ladies at my old fashioned. Nonetheless, the progress was simple and I became agreeable rapidly. At the point when I changed to another school my viewpoint changed on the circumstance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Personal Essay on Changing Schools explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Personal Essay on Changing Schools explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Personal Essay on Changing Schools explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I made an extraordinary closest companion that is as yet my closest companion. I made the cheerleading group and made all the more stunning companions. I needed to retake a class however surpassed in it so it was not awful by any stretch of the imagination. Recalling it, in the event that I had not changed schools I don't have the foggiest idea how my life would resemble. I understood that at some point beneficial things come out of progress and a great deal beneficial things came out of my circumstance. From my experience through this excursion I discovered that when something improves it very well may be and not generally for the more terrible. So I am appreciative till this day.

Fun Hobbies

Fun Hobbies What occupies your time? When we have the choice of choosing what to do with our time away from the stresses of everyday commitments, the temptation to sit back, relax, and go on gazing at the TV is difficult to resist. These moments are fleeting and provide us with an unmatched opportunity to explore our interests. When thinking about this, we need to ask ourselves a simple but very powerful question: What can benefit me most? The answer is different for each one of us in each stage of life we find ourselves in. Sometimes drawing can be far better for our mental health than sifting through research opportunities to enhance our resumeâ€" and sometimes the exact opposite is true. It serves us well to remember that every experience in which we apply our intelligence is an opportunity for personal growthâ€"most importantly, the experiences which push us to think in new ways. Progression is not about a checklist made by the collective, but rather how we as individuals come to find better ways to utilize our time. What better way to spend our fleeting minutes than something that genuinely interests us? The Search When thinking about what to do with our time, we often fall into the flow of selecting activities that are known to be safe. An example of this is turning on a show that were binging. We know that it will entertain us for a period of time and allow us to relax, but what if instead we chose to do something new? Think back to the last time you felt that you were doing something beneficial for your own growth while feeling a sense of enjoyment. What were you doing, and how did you feel in that moment? Was it something that you felt at ease doing? Using innate curiosityâ€"our inner sense of wonder about the worldâ€"is what enables us to make great discoveries for ourselves and form new channels of growth. The search for a project becomes ever easier with genuine curiosity at the helm of our mindset. We shouldnt worry over failing because the only true failure is the failure to persevere when faced with challenge. We owe it to ourselvesâ€"if not to the rest of the world unburdened by free timeâ€"to try and improve our abilities, be they physical, mental, spiritual, or a combination of each. Difficulty The question of difficulty is irrelevant when it comes to doing things that will help us grow. This does not mean that we need to go to the extreme with an endeavor and proceed recklessly without regard for the proper steps that need to be taken to best achieve the goal at hand (researching how to sand wood before purchasing whatever materials we see in the store for a desk were designing, for example). The point here is that we need to visualize what it is we seek to improve within ourselves before leaping right into the thick of things. Of course, this does vary depending on what we are looking to improve. When it comes to choosing a skill tree such as physical fitness, it would make the most sense to first consult a licensed professional regarding proper form as well as your physician for any health concerns to watch out for if a diet plan and intense exercise are on your list. On the other hand, if you want to write and reach people through it, then reading and learning from oth er writers is the way to go. Both are avenues worth pursuing, but the strategy by which they are pursued is variant, and this is where the fun comes in. Finding what youre interested in is step one because it will turn into less of a chore and more of a journey you want to go down. The Cost Everything that molds us into better people requires sacrifice. Imagine that you were seeking to purchase self-improvement, and upon looking at the price tag, you were greeted with a word and an underscore next to it. The price of improving ourselves is only as out of reach as we make it out to be; it can be affordable, cheap even, or it can be too much for some of us. The price is simple, but requires effort instead of dollars. The price tag lists the following: Sacrifice + ______. The underscore is the space in which the time we spend dedicating ourselves to our own improvement is to be inscribedâ€"not by a pen, but rather by our efforts. Only by pursuing a genuine interest of ours can we hope to improve ourselves, and only by genuinely becoming interested in ourselves can we begin to work towards that hope. Regards, Maaz Maaz Class of 2022 I am a Pre-Medical student studying Community Health with a concentration in Health Policy Administration interested in improving healthcare delivery systems through both public health and medical practice. My posts are targeted toward helping high school students improve their self-improvement and actualization strategies as they further their own personal and professional development.

Timberland s Commerce And Justice Values Based Strategy

#1 What motivates Timberland to increasingly engage in socially-oriented activities? How do you view Timberland’s Commerce and Justice values-based strategy? (The term strategy simply means how the company is directing initiatives within to achieve its objectives). The factual statements of today’s poverty population are Timberlands leading factor in increasingly engaging in making communities benefit from Timberlands business. A strong community and a decreasing poverty line is one of timberlands priority values. When he was talking with the cofounder of City Year (Alan Khazei), he said â€Å"you are doing the things with your life that I dream about doing with mine. You are out there actually saving lives. I am making boots, but I have always wanted to save lives.†. Stating that he has always had a want to help people, he decided to try it out. After dedicating a service day for timberland employees to help the community, he said he felt powerful and that he wanted to see more of these community-building actions achieved at Timberland. I view the majority of Timberlands commerce and justice value-based strategies as efficient with socially moral intentions. Timberlands efforts to imply the values of their company on their workers paid off. When they introduced they paid leave for hour of voluntary service concept, it produced new opportunities of growth in the community service category. Beforehand, people were: booked from work and had other obligations, did not haveShow MoreRelatedEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES12982 Words   |  52 Pagesexplores three different ways that companies engage their employees through CSR: a transactional approach, where programs are undertaken to meet the needs of employees who want to take part in the CSR efforts of a company; a relational approach, based on a psychological contract that emphasizes social responsibility; and a developmental approach, which aims to activate social responsibility in a company and to develop its employees to be responsible corporate citizens. (Keywords: Employees, HumanRead MoreIndira Nooyi5487 Words   |  22 Pages(management consultant) Daughters - Preetha, Tara Education School: Holy Angels School, Chennai College: * Bachelor s degree (Chemistry, Physics, Maths) from Madras Christian College, Chennai (1974). * Master s Degree in Finance and Marketing from the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta (1976). * Master s Degree in Public and Private Management from Yale University s School of Organization and Management (1978). Board member * Federal Reserve Bank of New York * Motorola * LincolnRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 PagesCash Flows Chapter 11: Estimating Growth Chapter 12: Closure in Valuation: Estimating Terminal Value Chapter 13: Dividend Discount Models Chapter 14: Free Cashflow to Equity Models Chapter 15: Firm Valuation: Cost of Capital and APV Approaches Chapter 16: Estimating Equity Value Per Share Chapter 17: Fundamental Principles of Relative Valuation Chapter 18: Earnings Multiples Chapter 19: Book Value Multiples Chapter 20: Revenue and Sector-Specific Multiples Chapter 21: Valuing Financial ServiceRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 Pagesto reprint materials in this book provided that the reprint is for educational or other non-profit purposes and provided that the reprint contains a clear reference to the original material. Published in 2009 by IIIEE, Lund University, P.O. Box 196, S-221 00 LUND, Sweden, Tel: +46 – 46 222 02 00, Fax: +46 – 46 222 02 10, e-mail: iiiee@iiiee.lu.se. Printed by KFS AB, Lund. ISSN 1402-3016 ISBN 978-91-88902-46-7 Acknowledgements They say that the process of completing a PhD is a journey. For meRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescourses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston

Top 20 Japanese Surnames

Ever wondered what the Japanese equivalent of Smith is? Here is the list of the top 20 most common Japanese surnames. It is said that more than a hundred thousand different surnames exist in Japanese, but roughly speaking one out of every ten Japanese has a surname that is listed here. Top 20 Japanese Surnames SatoSuzukiTakahashiTanakaWatanabeItoYamamotoNakamuraKobayashiKatoYoshidaYamadaSasakiYamaguchiSaitoMatsumotoInoueKimuraHayashiShimizu

The Unexpected Truth About Cool Personal Essay Topics

The Unexpected Truth About Cool Personal Essay Topics Individual perspectives do not, at the present time, look like a trustworthy method to get to the base of a subject. An essay involve plenty of thinking and self-analysis. At the exact same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. The Hidden Gem of Cool Personal Essay Topics An individual ought to know that a personal essay isn't an objective bit of writing. Even though a personal essay might have quite a loose language, you still ought to avoid slang and cliches, which might produce the text much weaker. As any other academic assignment, your private essay needs to be flawless in regards to grammar and punctuation. For instance, an essay on the very first topic can tell your private story. however, it may also be based on your imagination. Cool Personal Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone If you lack ideas and don't understand where to start, we've prepared a list of private essay topics, which might help you to start. Naturally, also attempt to discover the very best original expository essay topics before you get started writing. The ESL essay ought to be grammatically accurate. Ask three unique experts what a personal essay is and you'll probably get three distinct answers. A whole lot of times you may have to compose a personal essay. Organize the information that you have in a manner a reader will appreciate. At the close of the day, there's absolutely no point in picking a good topic if you can't compose a great essay on it. In a narrative essay, you find it possible to compose in the very first person and utilize distinct stylistic devices. If you haven't written any narration essays before, you ought to read works of different students to comprehend how to develop a structure, the way to use your private narrative ideas, and what topics you are able to utilize. Your personal, professional, and academic background might be a rich supply of material for your own personal essay. Therefore, the focus isn't merely descriptive. It is essential that you find out more about the essay requirements for every single college on your application list. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you truly feel like writing from a college that might not be your first option. Therefore, many students utilize personal statements to share their previous accomplishments, explain the reason why they need to make a level, or describe the things that they wish to do with it. Most Noticeable Cool Personal Essay Topics Personal essays are extremely important and odds are that you are going to be asked to write them many times in your academic career. Furthermore, you'll be asked to react to the prompts below. No matter your assignment is, don't forget that the best essays are aware of what the aim is and understand how to achieve it. The Tried and True M ethod for Cool Personal Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail Be conscious of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. With the aid of ready personal essay examples you are able to receive a very clear picture of the structure, interesting elements and plot twists, which might greatly enhance the grade of your essay. The ideal way to learn how to begin a personal essay is to get a very clear picture of the principal features it should contain and its key requirements. An excellent essay is going to be focused on an obvious idea with supporting details. Key Pieces of Cool Personal Essay Topics Recall unpleasant moments which you find very practical for your private improvement. Your essay deserves effort and attention, but bear in mind that it's only a component of the total application approach. Instead, you're just likely to surf the Web, searching for some interesting personal essay topics that you'll have the ability to use further in the text. A pplication essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are really interested in how you are going to take care of the subsequent four years all on your own. A keen grasp of the topic is essential avoid topics that you haven't experienced in real life and problems you didn't solve. Since there's a world of topics ahead of you, picking the topic that is distinctive and interesting at the exact same time, is certainly not a simple job. Among a myriad of essays the personal one is possibly the most astonishing and intimate. A personal essay is a wide essay that frequently incorporates a number of writing styles. It is called the autobiographical one. It is a brief essay that is about you. It's possible for you to define a notion in your short essay. It isn't always easy to select a fantastic topic and story for this kind of essay. Fantastic essays don't have bad topics. The fantastic narrative essay demands enough moment. When creating your bit of writing, you might need to locate an explanation to a particular phenomenon that has occurred in your life. Moreover, writing such papers can help you understand and on occasion resolve your feelings. So, as soon as you are sitting down to compose an essay, you will need to bear in mind that you need to express your personality there. A personal essay provides the reader a glimpse of your private life experience. You are able to write a very simple essay on the ideal age to vote or suitable age to be in a position to purchase alcohol. Expressing yourself with written words is a real art. The use of the essays is to express your individual capabilities, character traits, ideas and ideas, which will force you to loo k different from several other applicants and present you as a creative, committed and intelligent individual. Even a boring subject can appear appealing if you select the most suitable words and structure. In the event you're not certain how to compose a personal essay and struggle to begin, we've got a fantastic advice! Your thesis statement is the significance of that occasion. Topics like death and divorce are cautionary since they can be exceedingly hard to write about.

Critical Commentary Maori to Pakeha free essay sample

The language techniques of tone, rhetorical question, repetition, analogy and Maori language are all used to clearly illustrate the authors feeling of anger and support the dominant themes throughout the poem. Stanza one explores the idea of separation between Maori and Pakeha through a tone that that is accusatory and suggests anger. The first few lines using a repetition of referring to Pakeha as â€Å"You† instantly creates an idea of separatism which is then understood as negative through the use of describing Pakeha as â€Å"Beak-nosed hairy-limbed narrow-footed†. All three of these adjectives have negative connotations instantly setting the tone for the poem. As the stanza progresses this negative attitude towards the Pakeha is reinforced, supporting the negative tone. Meanwhile trampling Persia/Or is it India, underfoot/With such care less feet† is an example of this, touching upon colonization, the sentence before this which reads â€Å"You singing/Some old English folksong† gives further meaning to the colonization and therefore, oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Commentary Maori to Pakeha or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is not just the land they are colonizing but their culture too, as singing is something which is heard and gets into the mind of the people, overriding all thoughts. Stanza’s two and three introduce the device of rhetorical question which are used for effect to add to the accusatory tone of the poem. An example of this is â€Å"Where do you think you are going? † used as the opening sentence of stanza two, which is the first rhetorical question used in the poem, and â€Å"Who do you think you are? † used as the last line of stanza three. Supporting the critical tone of the poems, the rhetorical questions are used to illustrate to the reader the author’s feeling of contempt towards the Pakeha. The use of ‘think’ in both of these rhetorical questions is important as it is this word which gives the words surrounding it, and therefore the sentence, its accusatory tone. It turns a relatively evenly toned â€Å"Where are you going? and â€Å"Who are you† into a harsh sounding accusation, therefore adding to the negative tone. Stanza two further demonstrates the idea of separatism through the use of the rhetoric technique, repetition. More specifically the repetition is regarding the colour of skin. For example â€Å"This is brown country, man/Brown on the inside/As well as the outside/Brown through and through/Even the music is brown† The effect that this has is that it emphasizes the author’s feelings towards the separatism, it shows that the author is for the separatism where she believes the Pakeha should leave them alone and have no right to be there. The repetition of ‘colour’ and ‘brown’ also illustrate that being Maori is more than just a skin colour, they are â€Å"Brown through and through† meaning that their culture is all encompassing and the Pakeha aren’t just trying to collonise their land, â€Å"Can’t you see you’ve strayed/Into another colour zone? † but also in a manner of speaking collonise their culture as well, which links into the idea of oppression. Analogy is also used throughout the poem to support/illustrate the poem’s dominant theme of separatism. It is first shown in stanza one, â€Å"Milton directing your head/Donne pumping your heart† This is an analogy for the idea of oppression by Pakeha to Maori as both Milton and Donne were important poet’s and political figures in 17th century England. The idea that this portrays is that the Pakeha are all ruled by a unified thought that someone else has decided for them, following their ideas and instructions in a cult-like manner. As the poem progresses, the author starts to incorporate Maori language terms into the poem in order to illustrate resistance to the oppression. For example, in the last stanza of the poem Maori words are used as follows â€Å"Give your mihi tonight/Korero mai/Till dawn breaks with a waiata. † The following four lines give meaning to the use of Maori words â€Å"Meanwhile holding me gently/Firmly captive/Here, in the tight curve/of your alien arm† showing that even though the Pakeha are metaphorically holding the Maori â€Å"firmly captive†¦in the tight curve of your alien arm† which is representing oppression, the speaker is still doing all she can to resist, shown through the use of Maori language even though the poem is directed at English speakers. This idea of resistance is the idea which the author ends the poem on, leaving the reader with the sense of the author fighting oppression and fighting for her Maori heritage. Tone, rhetorical question, repetition, analogy and Maori language are several language techniques that are effectively used throughout the poem â€Å"Maori to Pakeha† by J. C Sturm in order to support and illustrate the dominant themes of separatism and oppression.

Business Ethics

Moral considerations play a critical in determining the success of the organization in the modern organizational culture. The ethical codes determine the relationships between customers and the company in the sense that any organization willing to follow the established moral codes will increase its market share (Duska, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case provided, Soybean Derivative Research Initiative has to observe moral codes in order to achieve its intended objectives. The organization stands to benefit in four major ways, as listed below if it observes ethics: The company will attract potential investors, as well as keeping shares high. In this regard, the management will have protected the organization from a possible takeover. Many excellent employees will be willing to join the organization since any person feels comfortable when assoc iated with strong moral conducts. This will perhaps bring down the costs associated with recruitment. The talented workers will be retained, which is an advantage to the organization. The productivity of the organization will be high, as labor turnover will be reduced tremendously. A company with a good business name attracts many customers implying that the sales of the firm will always be high hence increasing profitability. The Financial Executive Issues related to finances are always important to the survival of any organization, including Soy- DRI. In particular, the issue of trust must be taken into consideration since it might bring down the performance of the finance unit. Due to the fact that organizations are constantly in violation of the financial fair play, a number of global bodies have been set up to ensure that ethical codes are observed when handling the financial matters of any firm. When drafting financial policies, the top executive has to be sensitive to the de mands of clients regarding the environment and social issues. These issues must be resolved before moving on to make any financial policy. Based on this, the financial officer is advised to be an active owner by simply integrating the issues into the policies and practices of the organization. As a rule, any financial officer should disclose any unfair solicitation of funds since it would maintain the position of the organization in the ever-competitive market. For this to happen, the officer has to work hand in hand with other organizational units. Organizational investors are expected to carry out their fiduciary duties pertaining to environmental, social, and governance issues. In one of the studies conducted by the Asset Management Working Group of the UNEP Finance Initiative, it was established that stakeholders should stop concentrating on making profits and instead focus on following the law in order to preserve the environment and safeguard lives. The law on social governanc e is very clear since it states that all organizations have a role to play in safeguarding the lives of citizens. The finance manager should explore some of the ways that will enable the organization to introduce its customers to the correct brand other than using a different brand in serving babies. A different report published in 2009 by EIRIS suggested that many financial executives obey the ethical codes, even though the financial sector is yet to accept this reality.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the organization is faced with a major ethical issue, the finance officer will have to come up with strong financial management codes to protect the reputation of the organization. For this to happen, he or she is expected to observe some principles, including the following: The officer should act honestly meaning that he or she has to be an individual with high i ntegrity. The official has to come up with financial policies to minimize the misuse of company products without necessarily creating any conflict of interest in personal or professional life. The executive has the moral responsibility of offering financial information to various units. The information ought to be realistic, precise, inclusive, objective, pertinent, well timed, and comprehensible. The financial executive should pass any form of information whether negative or positive. Moreover, all sections should be addressed independently to avoid any chance of breakdown in communication. Timely disclosure of information will perhaps help in presenting the accurate picture of the organization regarding the financial position of the organization. This will go a long way in ensuring that the business achieves its financial objectives. The organization is faced with both ethical and legal issues. Apart from resolving the moral issues, the financial expert should advise the company o n the best way to handle the situation to prevent any form of legal action (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). The financial operation of the organization should abide by some of the established rules put in place by the state, the federal authorities, and the local governments. Some public and private statutory bodies are charged with the role of setting up rules and regulations to be followed by all organizations. Since the company’s product is being misused in the market, the financial officer should report this to the relevant section for action to be taken. The financial executive has to notify the auditors about the misuse of the company product for corrective measures to be taken. The position of the financial manager is very challenging, as it needs a lot of care, competence, and diligence when handling issues. Based on this, the finance officer should restrain himself from making personal judgments and instead follow the professional financial codes. Other units in th e organization might not have adequate skills as regards to legal issues associated with misuse of the company product. The role of the financial expert in this case is to share any information that will help avert the situation before it deteriorates. Marketing Officer The role of a marketer is always challenging since he or she is supposed to ensure that the company product is a household name in the competitive market. In this regard, many marketers are never concerned with the way the product is consumed, as their role is to popularize the company product. In the United States, the professional body for marketer established some of the well-established ethical codes that must be followed by all marketers. Soy-DRI faces various challenges related to marketing, which means that the officer in charge has a lot to do to ensure that the problem is resolved. The continued misuse of the product on babies might bring several problems to the organization, some being ethical issues while others might be legal in nature. Therefore, the marketing executive must ensure that the organization comes up with strategies that will facilitate accurate usage of the product that is already in the market. This will be managed through following the guidelines provided in the marketers’ professional code of conduct. The marketer should be sensitive to the needs of customers since he or she is charged with the responsibility of maintaining the company image in the market. The top marketing official should understand that values are often used in evaluating the performance of any organization in the market (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Based on this, any marketer should understand that, apart from serving the interests of the organization, they are also stewards of society as far as generating, facilitating, and implementing efficient and effective transactions in the economy is concerned. In other words, marketers are responsible to all stakeholders in the organization , including clients, fellow employees, investors, distributors, regulatory bodies, and the community in general. When the marketing official meets with other employees of the organization, he or she will have to remind them of the general norms of marketing, which include the following: All marketers have to understand that their skills should not be misused in causing harm to members of the public. They must do everything under their control to ensure that the organization achieves its financial objectives while at the same time safeguarding the interests of the customer. Therefore, the executive in charge of marketing must insist on following the applicable laws and regulations in handling the situation at hand. The second concept that all marketers have to understand is the major role of fostering trust in marketing structure, which implies that all products should be suitable for use. Marketers should not engage in promotional activities that mislead customers on the best produ cts in the market. All officials in the marketing unit ought to desist from actions aiming at deceiving customers or misleading clients. The senior official in the department should recommend the setting up of the department that will be in charge of addressing customer complaints and guiding clients on the usage of company products. A marketer has to act in good faith while at the same time showing some fairness (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Marketing is one of the functions that must embrace ethical values, which are achieved through communication. Efficient communication improves the confidence of the consumer and boosts the integrity of marketing exchange system. The third principle of marketing is the most important and the marketing official is advised to embrace this general norm. All marketers should be honest implying that they have to be truthful in all situations. The products promoted should be aiming at fulfilling the needs of customers other than affecting their lives. Even though the products are reported to be misused in the market, the marketing department should not criticize any of the products.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the merchandize is misused in the market, the people responsible for the fault are the marketers. Therefore, the top executive in the department should accept the responsibility of not sensitizing customers on the usage of the product. Consequently, the marketing executive should come up with ways that will enable the proper handling of the vulnerable segment of the market, which include children and the elderly. Director Research and Development The official in charge of research and development should be aware that the company’s success depends on the corporate image since a spoil image will definitely interfere with the performance of the organization in the market. Incorpo rating stakeholders into the strategic plan of the organization is one of the ways of ensuring ethical governance. Once all stakeholders are incorporated in drafting the organizational strategy, handling issues emerging from the market will be easy (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Based on this, the director in charge of research is advised to employ participatory planning as one of the ways of involving stakeholders in managing the affairs of the firm. The method suggests that the director of research and development identifies the major concerns and ethical issues emerging from members of the public and moving a notch higher to develop a broad consensus regarding the drafted initiatives. The method allows the utilization of vast information that stakeholders hold in establishing a practicable, proficient, and sustainable solution to the problem at hand. Vice President Sales and Marketing The executive charged with the responsibility of disposing off company products is often und er pressure to increase the profit margins of the firm, even though other stakeholders are often concerned with this move. In many cases, the sales person might not care whether the product meets the needs of the customer or not. In this case, a wrong product is often sold just to increase sales. Any sales person is advised to be aware of the three masters in case he or she is to executive services diligently. The three masters have various agendas and the sales person comes in as an arbitrator. The organization, which is the employer, has the aim of ensuring that sales increase with an aim of making profits. On the other hand, the customer is concerned with the value of the product (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). The salesperson has a different objective that is mainly related to income. Irrespective of the agendas of various masters, the salesperson has to ensure that all parties are contented with the sale. The manager in charge of sales should be concerned with the performanc e of the new product, as well as the misuse of the other two products. As he or she seeks to correct the situation, the profit margins and the targets set by the organization should be considered.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In any business establishment, employees play a critical role in ensuring that the organization achieves its ambitions. Irrespective of the size of the organization, an employee is an important asset. The chief executive officer should be aware of the impacts of employee behavior on the performance of the organization (Cory, 2004). Some employees might spend the whole day checking personal mails instead of concentrating on the important matters that affect the performance of the organization. Employees should be taken through an extensive training schedule to ensure that they are well groomed to accomplish organizational goals. Some ethical issues related to employee relations attract legal actions, especially issues related to discrimination based on gender and race. Therefore, any top executive is advised to seek the help of a professional in drafting rules and regulations that would govern the behavior of an employee. When recruiting employees, the company should consi der following all established laws to avoid any legal suits that might come about because of discrimination based on gender and race. The company ought to follow the law when signing contracts with its employees. This is important to prevent the loss of resources in legal tussles. The head of any company has to ensure that selection process adheres to the established standards since t boosts the image of the company in the market. In other words, following labor laws strengthens the corporate governance of the firm. The company has to follow the environmental laws has established by the national and international bodies. Employees should be trained to conserve the environment. References Arnold, D. G., Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E. (2013). Ethical theory and business. Boston: Pearson Education. Cory, J. (2004). Activist Business Ethics. Boston: Springer Duska, R. (2007). Contemporary Reflections on Business Ethics. Boston: Springer. This case study on Business Ethics was written and submitted by user Maliah Workman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business ethics How can business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) complement an organization’s aims and objectives? Every organization has a code of conduct that governs the behavior of its employees on how they relate with each other and their customers. Business ethics can therefore be described as the application ethical values on business behavior and operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Winstanly and Woodall (2000) say that business ethics involve every aspect of the business including accounting practices, treatment of employees and clients, as well as its operations (p. 78). It is important to note that business ethics apply on both individual employees as well as companies as a whole. Corporate social responsibility on the other hand is the approach that companies take to address the impact of its core operations on the social and corporate en vironment. Winstanly and Woodall (2000) further say that CSR also entails the contribution that a company makes towards the wellbeing of the communities it serves both locally and internationally (p. 81). Some scholars would describe CSR as giving back to the community part of the profits businesses have made from the same community. Reilly and Williams (2006) assert that for an organization to demonstrate responsibility towards the communities that it serves, it needs to observe ethics such as honesty, openness, integrity, trust and care for the environment (p.91). The above marks the connection between CSR and corporate ethics. The main aim of a corporate is to make profits. However, there are other aims and objectives that if not achieved will frustrate any company’s core business operations (Reilly and Williams 2006, p. 95). Harmony with its customers and surrounding community and good relationship with customers are some of them. Business ethics and CSR help a corporate to achieve the above mentioned policies effectively contributing to the main aim of making profits. Business ethics in other words help a corporate to achieve or work toward fulfilling their missions, achieving their visions, and adhering to their core values.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What is the business case for an ethical approach to HR management? According to Winstanly and Woodall (2000), ethical management of employees in business has not been given much emphasis throughout much of corporate history (p.1). The subject of ethics has been emphasized in the business relations with clients and the environment ignoring the critical element of ethical management of employees. Winstanly and Woodall (2000) further add that there has been little debate about serious incorporation and enforcement of managerial ethical approaches in HR policy and practice (p. 1). The HRM f ield has also deliberately overlooked the issue of incorporation of ethics into HR practice. There is increased curiosity among professionals of other disciplines about the apparent lack of analysis on ethical running of HR. the most drastic ones even seem to think that HR itself in totality is not ‘ethical’. Since the late 1990s, scholars have increasingly become vocal in their calls for the ethical rearmament of HR to ensure they display some ethical sensitivity and awareness. HRM is primarily charged with the responsibility of organizational well being. However, with the new model where HR is increasingly adopting to the issues concerning ethics, it is playing a new role in promoting individual as well as societal well being. On the same note, HRM does not have much of a choice other than to play a bigger role in the observation of ethics to ensure the strategic fit and best practice of businesses are achieved. If the organizations are going to ensure ethical practic es in its relation with clients and the environment, then the HR has to reform first and take the lead role. References Reilly, A. Williams, T. (2006) Strategic Human Resource: building the capability to  deliver. Burlington: Gower Publishing Ltd.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Winstanly, D. Woodall, J. (2000) Ethical issues in contemporary human resource management. London: Macmillan press. This essay on Business ethics was written and submitted by user JoantheMouse to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business Ethics Ardent scholars of religious history will realize that St. Augustine’s assertions concerning Christianity and business are contradictory to the message advanced by this book. For those who have not heard about the fifth century cleric, the author mentions him on several occasions, albeit with contempt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because of his ideologies and the sentiments he espoused, terming business a sin and arguing that Christians should neither own nor run these ventures. As a result, he interrogates the credibility of this allegation and sets out to establish if a business venture can be operated successfully within parameters set be the Christian religion. The writer acknowledges that business operators are faced with unending challenges, most of which are controversial and may be contradictory to the core beliefs of Christianity. He cit es the example of a business venture run by Christians that prioritized service instead of profits. Fiscal uncertainties forced a merger with a similar minded firm, which in turn merged with another bigger establishment. The result was a clear contrast from the initial objectives of the business as operational principles were utterly overhauled (Chewning, Eby and Roels, 2010). The writer attempts to address the issue of Christianity among business operators in capitalist societies. He cites the profit driven nature of this set up and the way it contradicts fundamental Christian beliefs of charity and sharing with the less fortunate. He argues that the nature of business is determined by the political and economic environment. It is disappointing that he fails to advance this argument further and opts to draw conclusions from the bible that he feels address the issue conclusively. He concludes that people should discern the parameters of the socioeconomic system carefully and make de cisions that will extol the Christian beliefs they profess (Chewney et al., 2010). He further argues that accomplishments are not determined by the titles held by persons denoting the capacities in which they serve. He advocates for a different method of measuring success by establishing personal goals, as opposed to indiscriminate competition with rivals. He concludes that prosperity and profitability in business should not be equated to God’s approval and favor, rather it should be perceived as due reward for diligence and discipline in the course of running the business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He supports this by citing that Christians should set realistic goals for themselves, which are easily attainable and will not tempt people to engage in sinful practices. He closes this argument by citing cases in the bible where Israelites underwent tribulations but still had God’s favor and protection with them, urging Christians to be patient at all times (Chewney et al., 2010). A new concept is also introduced when he talks about having covenant agreements with employees as opposed to contractual agreements. This implies that employers should focus on what is fair and right when transacting with employees as well as clients. By doing this, all the necessary privileges will be accorded in right proportions to persons who deserve them, ensuring fairness. Kindness should accompany justice at all times. All situations should be resolved with kindness, irrespective of the factors that initiated the occurrence. Disputes should be settled in the same matter in order to uphold decorum, hence efficiency at the workplace (Chewney et al., 2010). Employers should exhibit humility when dealing with their juniors. This includes many acts, like giving positive rewards for negative outcomes. Drawing reference from the bible, the author supports this argument laying emphasis on civility when handling negative behavior in the workplace. The management should be legitimately concerned about employee affairs and communicate their requirements clearly. He chides those with a tendency of participating in simplistic arguments, warning that correction should be administered fairly without bias. By following these guidelines, the Christian entrepreneur identifies with God and His preferred way of doing things. This makes them competent stewards with the desired administration capacity, hence giving them an authentic identity and behavior fully representative of true Christian entrepreneurs (Chewney et al., 2010). Reference Chewning, R. C, Eby J. W. Roels, S. J. (1992). Business Through the Eyes of Faith. Apollos.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Business Ethics was written and submitted by user Bryan Eaton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business Ethics The presented case study explores the issue of business ethics in details. The premise of business ethics is that every firm or corporation is able to behave in a moral manner. Social responsibility is also a critical aspect of business ethics. Every company should always support the expectations of its stakeholders and clients. Business ethics focuses on the best practices towards better organisational practices.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business Ethics – Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business ethics also protects the rights of every citizen. Moral principles and regulations facilitate or support the field of business ethics. These regulations ensure businesses deal with the ethical issues affecting their stakeholders. Business ethics is a wide field because it explores the conduct and behaviour of individuals, business organisations, and corporations. The fi eld is also hard to define. Business ethics proposes the best practices and policies in order to make corporations responsible. The field also addresses controversial issues affecting business organisations. Firms can use the concept of business ethics to deal with discrimination, bribery, corporate social responsibility, and corporate governance. Business ethics is widely contested because some critical thinkers and analysts dispute its premise. A good example includes libertarian socialists. These socialists argue that business ethics is something unattainable. This is the case because many firms cannot support the needs of their stakeholders. The case study offers the best discussion on business ethics. This philosophical concept explains why companies should embrace the best practices and management theories. The discussion presents the best ideas towards dealing with every business malpractice. The philosophy offers some of the best approaches towards better business practices. Governments should identify the best laws in order to make corporations accountable and responsible. According to libertarian socialists, business ethics is an oxymoron. This concept explains why business ethics might not be possible in different companies or societies. The most serious issue is the question of social responsibility. This issue is critical because it captures the performances and practices of every organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) identifies the practices of corporations in every country. CSR encourages companies to follow every regulation or law. Corporate Social Responsibility ensures every business provides the best care and support to its stakeholders. These stakeholders include customers, employees, business partners, communities, and clients.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More CSR explains why companies should follow every ethical or moral principle. Corporate Social Responsibility remains a major challenge in many societies. According to libertarian socialists, business ethics might not be possible because many companies want to remain profitable. A company that fails to obey such moral laws is unethical. Corporate Social Responsibility explains why U.S. companies should not pay bribes in any society. The practice will make the firms ethical. Some companies engage in unethical and unfriendly practices in order to increase their profits. Such companies will not consider the rights and expectations of their customers or stakeholders. The best solution is ensuring every business or company is morally responsible. Corporate Social Responsibility is a critical branch of business ethics. CSR is relevant because it helps businesses achieve their objectives. The government should formulate stringent laws in order to ensure every corporation is moral. A socially responsible company will achieve its goals easily. The operations of the firm will also be lawful. Corporate Social Responsibility remains a critical question in many societies. This explains why the best moral principles and ethical considerations will address this question. This case study on Business Ethics – Corporate Social Responsibility was written and submitted by user Kamden Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business Ethics Robert Nardelli used an authoritative leadership style throughout his tenure at Home Depot. His style of leadership was also described by others as an imperial one. In spite of his authoritative nature, Home Depot regained its stable financial position after a period of five yearsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business Ethics – Home Depot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More . This implied that his leadership style was excellent even if he was not a favorite personality to everybody. For instance, a significant growth in sales was realized within a relatively short period. The sales rose to 81 million dollars from 6 million dollars within a span of five years. Nonetheless, employees were alienated by his leadership style. Most of the managers also complained that he was focusing too much on the profitability of the company at the expense of the moral wellbeing of employees of the organization. Custo mers were also alienated by is style of leadership (Grow et al., 2007). He also preferred curt communication while interacting with employees. For example, it can be recalled that a major shareholders’ meeting held in 2006 was punctuated with dilemma when Nardelli commanded that the meeting would be held for about thirty minutes. Shareholders in the meeting were also supposed to be restricted to only a single question. In addition, a speaker’s microphone would be switched off exactly after one minute elapses. This implied that they were allowed to speak for one minute only during the meeting. To a large extent, consensus building was never a concern for Robert Nardelli. Worse still, he lacked the ability to communicate effectively when disseminating important information. He facilitated the institution of part time employees who took the position of full time workers. This move resulted into a lower employee overhead and an improved gross margin. The Home Depot brand w as also changed dramatically by Nardelli. One of the reasons for taking this action was that employees lacked adequate motivation in the course of delivering their duties. He also argued that customers found it difficult to located items even though the process was supposed to be swift (Charan, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the leadership trait theory, the success of leaders at workplace is largely dependent on certain inborn traits that may hardly be acquired through formal training. The theory affirms that true leaders are born. In the case of Robert Nardelli, it can be seen that his commanding nature was inborn and an internal trait. The behavioral theory argues on the opposite line of thought. It states that leaders are not born, rather they are made. The theory continues to affirm that learnable behavior that can be vividly defined is usua lly part and parcel of successful leadership. It is possible that Nardelli applied some of the acquired leadership styles while at the helm of Home Depot. For example, the significant rise in the profitability of the firm was directly occasioned by sufficient training on financial management. Inherent capabilities or inborn traits are not sought by behavioral theory. The actual performance or actions of leaders is the main focus when it comes to behavioral theory. Needless to say, people should be in a position to act in a similar manner if success can be described in terms of individual actions. Perhaps, this appears to be the main weakness of this theory. Nonetheless, situational and contingency leadership theories profess that successful leadership does not depend on any given leadership style. In other words, any leadership format can be used to run an organization (Baack, 2012). Hence, Nardelli’s style of leadership was appropriate according to these theories. It is poss ible for a given leadership style to be appropriate in one scenario but inapplicable in another. From the above discussions, it can be concurred that Nardelli’s leadership or management style was unethical to some extent. In spite of the fact that Home Depot needed to regain its profitability, he should have employed a more democratic style especially in situations that demanded consensus. The worst case scenario was witnessed when he authorized microphones to be switched off exactly after one minute. Second, Nardelli failed to create a harmonious working relationship with the rest of the employees. It is not possible to be ethical as a leader while at the same time fail to develop a unified team. Effective leaders are supposed to seek the input of the subordinates before major decisions are made. It is interesting to learn that the performance of an organization may not necessarily be proportional to the management style in place.Advertising We will write a custom resea rch paper sample on Business Ethics – Home Depot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make this point clearer, Home Depot grew substantially irrespective of the dissatisfied employees and shareholders who thought that Robert Nardelli was mismanaging the organization (Merrifield, 2003). On a final note, Nardelli’s leadership style was also unethical because he dramatically directed his effort to minimally reward employees. In any case, part time workers have fewer privileges than full time employees. An organization that does not want to hire permanent workers is highly likely to be exalting unethical practices. For instance, part time employees may not enjoy the benefits of joining trade unions or being pensionable. References Baack, D. (2012). Organizational behavior. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Charan, R. (2006). Home Depot’s blueprint for culture change. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 60-70. Grow , B., Foust, D., Thornton, E., Farzad, R., McGregor, J., Zegal, S. (2007). Out at home depot. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-01-14/out-at-home-depot Merrifield, B. (2003). What distributors can learn from home depot’s woes. ISHN, 37(5). This research paper on Business Ethics – Home Depot was written and submitted by user Math1as to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business Ethics

Public Relation Models Essays

Public Relation Models Essays Public Relation Models Essay Public Relation Models Essay The purpose of this essay is to achieve better insight into the different methods of conducting real-life public relations nowadays. Theoretically, several models have been developed to categorize the different types of PR practice/practitioners; analyzing the usage of these models by PR professionals will reveal the extent to which they are valid in real life. Because these models deal with the communication-flow involved in PR, the essay will begin with a basic outline of how human communication works and how it can be applied effectively, using theory from Stappers (1988) and Dervin (1989)- Stappers offers a basic conversation model which describes the information and communication processes, while Dervin discusses the role of audiences in communication. The next step will be to analyze the aforementioned PR models and shortly describe them, starting with Grunig’s (1989) set of models (symmetrical and asymmetrical) and moving on to Van Ruler’s (1997) tested models (the technician, sales manager and intermediary). The final section of the essay will concentrate on real-life examples of how the PR models are applied, related to commercial business and international public relations, provided and examined by Lordan (2006) and Grunig (1993). The examples will include customer input to organizations and the use of Grunig’s models in US politics. A detailed analysis will follow which will lead to the conclusion of how the communication-flow models apply to real life, and how valid each models is today. Communication: how does it work? To generate awareness of the communication process, Stappers created a general communication model. To successfully communicate, the receiver of the message does not only have to receive the information but also understand the meaning of it. Accordingly one can divide the receiver’s tasks into â€Å"phases such as noticing, observing and knowing† (Stappers, 1988, p. ). If one would combine these activities, one can use the term ‘information source’. When the receiver is observing, he or she gains knowledge. This is called the information process – â€Å"it consists of the receiver and the information source† (Stappers, 1988, p. 3). It will become a communication process when the receiver communicates the message to someone else. Within the communication p rocess there is a sender, who supplies another person with a message. A communication process is when a person, the sender, supplies another person with a message. According to Stappers, communication revolves around second-hand experiences (benefiting from other experiences), and also passing (sending) them on, allowing others to benefit from your experiences. This can be considered as an optimistic view of what genuinely happens; one should regard it more as a desirable result of communication. Communication enables us to share each other’s experiences and evolve with them, this is why this model can be seen as a two-way flow of information; one sends, receives and shares. Dervin came up with a similar conclusion to communication (specifically two-way), by discussing the importance of the audience during public communication campaigns. According to Dervin (1989), the audience is not â€Å"an amorphous mass† (p. 20), but rather a group of people who can learn from and teach (through feedback) the sender. If you listen to your audience you can understand what they need and possibly satisfy them (as well as yourself), thus building a bridge to your â€Å"Uses (Helps)† (Dervin, 1989, p. 18) over the gap that would exist if audience feedback was absent. This â€Å"sense-making approach† to communication simply states that two-way communication is superior to one-way communication. Using this basic information on communication-flow, we are able to explain how communication works in the different PR models offered by Grunig and Van Ruler. Grunig’s PR models: Asymmetrical vs. symmetrical communication Grunig has introduced four basic models for public relations. Each model represents the values, goals and behaviours practiced by organizations when they act upon public relations. Grunig (1989) states that the models are â€Å"simplified in the same way that a perfect vacuum or perfect competition are simplified representations in other sciences,† i. e. these models represent clear-cut, ‘perfect’ types of PR practice that may not necessarily be recognized in real life. However Grunig tries to identify and display the underlying reasons for applying a certain theory by a public relation practitioner. Grunig’s models are ‘press agentry/publicity’, ‘public information’, ‘two-way asymmetrical’ and ‘two-way symmetrical’. According to Grunig, these four models simultaneously contain and represent the companies’ inherent values, goals and behavior. The models can be divided in two groups, the distinction of which lies in the communication methods used. Grunig describes that public relation practitioners  follow either an asymmetrical or symmetrical way of communication on which they base  their actions and which determines what kind of relationship an organization has with its publics. If one should examine to which ideology or perception the PR-practitioners act upon it could help to develop further more effective public relations efforts. The ‘press agentry/publicity’ and ‘public information’ models consist of one-way communication whereas the ‘two-way asymmetrical’ and ‘two-way symmetrical’ methods consist of two-way communication. One-way communication revolves around the company communicating to its audience with no feedback. As a dominant current world view, PR is still seen as â€Å"persuasive and manipulative† (Grunig, 1989, p. 40). The first presupposition fits within this world view, which Grunig describes as ‘Press agentry/ publicity’. This model seeks media attention in any way possible for example through product and trade fairs. This model is sometimes associated with propagandistic public relations- the PR focuses mainly on the positives of the organization and its products/services, and it emphasizes on benefiting the company, not the audience/publics, ‘the audience are passive receivers who ought to be â€Å"persuaded or manipulated† (Grunig, 1989, p. 40). ‘Public information’ similarly focuses on publishing positive (yet truthful) information about the given organization; however it is reluctant to disseminate negative information. Grunig states that (in contrast to the first model) this model tends to manipulate the publics unintentionally. For example, bands who participate in the Live Earth concerts have ‘public information’ PR which concentrates on the benefits of fighting global warming, while ignoring the fact that preparing and carrying out the concerts adds a lot to global warming (Vozel, 2007). Both of these one-way communication models are used by PR practitioners to inform the publics about the organization without any research of the publics (Grunig, 1989). The two-way communication models are more complicated in that they involve research of the publics in order to support them as well as the organization. ‘Two-way asymmetrical’ communication uses research to find out what has to be done to satisfy the public while still focusing mostly on benefiting the organization without the changing organizational behavior. Therefore, behavioral change, as Grunig puts it, from the side of the audience is hoped to benefit the organization rather than both involved parties. This model can be seen as manipulative because an organization uses it to satisfy the public mainly for its own good-will. ‘Two-way symmetrical’ communication, similarly to ‘two-way asymmetrical’ communication, involves research of the publics. However, it differs in its purpose- instead of focusing on the benefits of the organization, it emphasises on a mutual understanding between the organization and its publics. Practitioners fine-tune the needs and wants of both the organization and its publics to achieve harmony and find better solutions to problems together (synergy). Organizations using this model are known to bargain and negotiate with their publics and develop strategies of conflict resolutions. According to Grunig (1989) only the ‘two-way symmetrical’ communication model is genuinely symmetrical. In contrast to the other three models, ‘two-way symmetrical’ communication is the only one that does not focus solely of the benefits of the company. ‘Two-way asymmetrical’ communication also involves the publics but tends to use persuasive and manipulative messages to support them, as seen in the ‘press publicity/agentry’ model. Practitioners who use ‘public information’ may also manipulate publics (although it could be unintentional). Furthermore, Grunig (1989) argues that ‘two-way symmetrical’ communication is the best of these models because it is the only one that uses moral and ethical approaches in PR. After identifying and distinguishing the four PR-models, Grunig states why an organisation practices a particular one. He concludes that the reason why a model is applied lies in what he calls the ‘dominant coalition’. This term implies that these models ‘function as a part of an organisation’s ideology’ and become ‘situational strategies’. Grunig also comes to the conclusion that the top management, ‘the power elite’ , (which works separately from the PR practitioners) establishes strategic target publics and subsequently passes this issue to the PR practitioner, who has to accomplish this task in coherence with the ‘organisational culture’. Finally to summarize, it can be said that several ways of practicing public relations can be identified. Reasons why a company chooses to act upon a particular model is strongly determined by its ‘dominant coalition’. Van Ruler’s PR models The following models also deal with the concept ‘two-way symmetrical communication’. Furthermore recent developments will be elaborated. With the outcome of Van Ruler’s research as a basis one could distinguish three models which determine how public relation officers (PROs) regard their role in the profession of PR. This can be distinguished by deriving the underlying views from the given answers by leading PROs in the Netherlands. The three models are: The Technician, who only wants to accomplish his /her goals. There is no role for the receiver (the public). Sales manager, who focuses on building a positive image of the company, the receiver is passive. Intermediary, who is responsible for creating and maintaining a closed mutual relationship, between the organisation and its public. The receiver is active. She describes ‘the technician’ as someone â€Å"who is tactically concerned with the production and dissemination of communication productsà ¢â‚¬  (Van Ruler, 1997, p. 97). She refers to this view as a ‘technical one’ which implies that this person is just â€Å"subservient to the technical demands of the execution of his duties† (Van Ruler, 1997, p. 7). The second view a PRO can have is characterized as ‘sales manager’. Van Ruler (1997) describes it as a synchronization of the behavior of the public with the view of the organization (p. 97). This view can also be characterized as an ‘instrumental one’ meaning that this person is merely following the guidelines and sets up the organizational strategy. ‘The intermediary’ is the last view derived from Van Ruler’s research outcomes. The intermediary regards his or her job in â€Å"building bridges and trying to stand between and organization and publics† (Van Ruler, 1997, p. 97). This perception of the profession includes being interested in some sort of exchange between both, the organization and the publics in order to gain mutual understanding, as Van Ruler describes it. This is why this view can be perceived as a ‘professional’ one meaning that this person is more distant, he or she is like a third party between organization and public who tries to intermediate in order to bring both in ‘ tune’. This identified model is, to some extent, similar to Grunig’s ‘two-way symmetrical way’ of communication. Both models contain many overlapping characteristics. The theoretical framework delivered by Grunig sets up certain values in a particular view. Van Ruler distinguishes similar models, only with different terminology, for example ‘intermediary’ or ‘professional view’ instead of Grunig’s words ‘two-way symmetrical communication’. By using different terminology Van Ruler puts the same process in a different context. Van Ruler differentiates her models and provides additional material to Grunig’s outcome, by stating that while these presuppositions can be easily identified, they cannot be easily found in the practical field of a working PRO. This arouses the question as to whether or not the ‘two-way symmetrical’ method of information is only possible in Grunig’s theoretical framework. This is because Van Ruler, through her research, tried to identify the ‘two-way symmetrical’ way of information in the daily work of selected PROs and was not able to identify it. The communication-flow PR models in modern-day practice: Real-life examples Grunig and Van Ruler described interactions with the publics by using the terms ‘intermediary’ or ‘two-way symmetrical’ flow of communication. Lordan describes these interactions as increases in ‘interactivity’ between a company and the audience by stating the possible benefits as well. He states that the ‘interactivity’ already exists by means of having focus groups or by conducting customer testimonials. However, there is now a movement which is far more comprehensive. Currently, Lordan (2006) has stated: â€Å"customers are being asked for their input in shaping all elements of an organization† (p. 27), especially within the field of communication he adds. Many activities which were handled by communication specialists are now partly determined by the public itself. For instance Lordan (2006) says the Super Bowl commercials, â€Å"are often held up as a barometer of professional communication trends† (p. 27). Nowadays, organizations are asking their customers to shape their message and commercials by letting them develop creative concepts and by involving them in the campaigns. Reasons for this behavior of the consumer according to Lordan can be given with the example of ‘American Idol’, a show where the audience is obliged to vote for the contestants and therefore actively influence the outcome (â€Å"greater excitement†). Another reason is the change in technology, from ‘old media’ such as newspapers and television which â€Å"happen to us† passively to new media like websites or mp3-devices which he states â€Å"demand interactivity- we happen to them. † The willingness to expose themselves can be regarded as an indicator that consumers â€Å"anticipate – even prefer – greater influence in the communication process. † (Lordan, 2006, p. 28) With this Lordan is not referring to the general communication model described by Stappers. The difference is that Stappers refers more to second hand information; he would regard the sending of the message as the communication process. YouTube is also an example of giving evidence for the high demand of being capable to add something to the media, to be interactive. Since YouTube consists of what the user offers. Lardon also says that because of these recent developments PROs fear about their job security. This is due to their job being partly taken over by the audience. Assuming that, more involvement of the target receiver is harming the ‘control’ of the sender. This implies that several views are still predominant, which are also partly characterized in the concepts ‘two-way asymmetrical communication’  (Grunig)  and sales manager (Van Ruler). Even though consumers are enabled to participate, Lordan (2006) argues that the consumers still are warranted. This is because the company still â€Å"reserves the right to select or to refuse the final participants† and that it is still up to the media professionals â€Å"to determine the rules, the access and, in some cases, the outcome† (p. 28). To conclude Lordan (2006) states that, if a PRO has faith in his or her profession, in a manner that he or she sees it as something â€Å"where the goal is mutually beneficial relationships between clients and audiences† (p. 9), the trend of interactivity is a concept which could enable the PROs to improve their performance instead of give away their jobs. The perception of losing control about the intended message is related to Van Ruler’s model ‘sales manager’. Van Ruler describes this model as a view which involves ‘synchronizing’ the public opinion with the organization’s opi nion. So, active influence and power are wanted to be on the side of the organization and not as Lordan (2006) states â€Å"a mutually beneficial relationship† (p. 9). Grunig’s approach can also be taken in to account. Grunig (1989) says that PR departments should work as on ‘open system’ in which there is interaction between the client (organization) and the audience. Grunig named this approach the ‘two-way symmetrical’ flow of information and gave presuppositions which highly influences a company’s behavior. Consequently it can be said that even though Lordan claims that ‘interactivity’ could work with a ‘two way symmetrical approach,’ it is quite different in reality. Namely the concept of the ‘sales manager’, the fear of losing control described by Van Ruler, is dominant. Grunig (1993) follows the idea that the ‘two-way communication’ model is quite rare in real PR practice too, by offering several examples from his analysis on international public relations- e. g. in a campaign for Lithuania, a PR, Bernays, used â€Å"many of the techniques of the public information model† as well as the two-way asymmetrical model; also Grunig (1993) mentions that throughout the 20th century many international clients of the US were supported with asymmetrical PR, â€Å" PR firms will stoop to represent the interests of dictatorships†. Grunig (1993) does suggest a possible reason for this use of PR in politics, â€Å"The majority of public relations practitioners who work for international clients enter the business because of experience in journalism, advertising or politics. Because of this background, they devote most of their efforts to media relations and lobbying typically practicing the press agentry, public information or two-way asymmetrical models of public relations†. Conclusion In this essay we went through a movement from general to specific in order to analyze whether or not the discussed PR models are valid in real-life PR practice. We started off with a basic outline of what desirable communication is (according to Stappers and Dervin), and moved on to describe Grunig’s and Van Ruler’s models and how they use communication, as well as what their similarities and differences are. From this section of the essay it can be concluded that the most preferred and ethical models are the symmetrical models, i. . the two-way symmetrical communication model and ‘the intermediary’. Through our analysis of how PR is used in real-life examples, we saw that while various asymmetric methods are used in commercial business and international PR, the ‘perfect’ symmetrical models are not really valid. A reason for this may be that PR practitioners in real-life are not necessarily educated as PR professionals, but rather come from oth er backgrounds, whether it is advertising, journalism or politics (as mentioned by Grunig, 1993). References

The Commission proposes, the Council decides, the Court interprets Essay

The Commission proposes, the Council decides, the Court interprets - Essay Example Emphasis will be on the functions of the Commission, EU Council, EU Parliament, etc. and the legislative procedures. The relevance will be the application of law in practice in the Member States and it is an important topic to be discussed as it directly refers to the topic. This section will discuss the beginning of the Merger Regulation Policy and how it came about which will continue to explain the law that influence mergers and also different aspects of soft law practiced in respective states and its inclusion into the statutory status. The extent of the application, which influenced in the making of statutory law in respect of soft law practiced in EU Member States is focussed on. Numerous instances have been cited in this regard. Finer aspects of the soft law and how it is applied to different communities and also to different groups in a community is discussed. How can one define law The definition may differ from person to person, but we can all agree that it is one or more of the following: A set of rules that governs or binds a community, law is a means of resolution of disputes or conflicts, or a/the way of punishing offenders. A more general definition can be: Law regulates the behaviour of members of the society. So in simple terms, how does the law work The answer could be in three steps: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Within a sovereign state the law is above all, and the function of the state is within that law. However, when it comes to a 'community' of different states coming together under one flag because of a common vision and mutual understanding for the purpose of furthering better understanding and friendship, developing and strengthening economic ties among the nations requires a separate mechanism or a governing system to ensure the smooth operation of such a 'union'. Clashes of opinions are inevitable in an effor t of this magnitude. The more common would be to uphold their ethnic regulatory norms in members states. In order to safeguard the supreme public power within a sovereign state, each nation must give consent and contribute to create a new rule of law for the smooth functioning of a common 'state'. Thus, how the EU has come about. As there are always loopholes and gaps in law, there is the need to amend existing laws and introduce new laws. So how does the EU work and what is its decision making process The European Union involves a number of institutions when making decisions, namely the European Commission, European Parliament and the European Union Council. 1 The statement "The Commission proposes, the Council" defines in short the process or steps that involves when taking decisions. It is the EC that 'proposes' new legislation, however it is the Parliament and the

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs - Essay Example I believe that the rich in the contemporary capitalist societies have immense influence in the way business is conducted and they control many market forces such trade policy which in most case sideline the poor. Given the disadvantaged position of the poor in comparison to the rich, it would be unfair to expect that the two groups would compete favorably. In fact, it would be same as telling the rich that the poor have to give the rich their organs for them to give them money. The rich, and every other person who is in a vantage point, has a moral duty to give to the poor without conditions such as they have to get their organs in return (Kishore, 2005). Assuming that the people buying these human organs are all patients who need organs in order to rectify a medical condition, only those patients who can afford to buy organs will get them and the others will unjustly be left out. Those who get to buy these organs might not be in need of an organ as seriously as the ones who cannot afford them but because of their economic affordability, they will get and the poor ones will be left wallow in their pain and agony. This is especially so in a free trade market where the supply of human organs and their prices will not be regulated and only the highest bidder will benefit. Opponents to the claim that a market in human organs undermines justice can charge that such a market would show regard for autonomy. However, I believe that the power of money to bait an individual who is morally competent to give in to a transaction compromises the individual’s autonomy and this is what a market in human organs would do (Cherry, 2005). Trading human organs would undermine the virtue of altruism because it would attach monetary value to human relationships. Altruism makes a person to put the concerns and welfare of others before his

President Bashar Al Assad Politics Essay

President Bashar Al Assad Politics Essay President Bashar al-Assad has also deep contacts and friendship with Hezbollah group and Iranian Mahdi Army. In the current situation of Syria between President Assads army and protesters Assad has been assisted by fighters of Hezbollah and Shiite recruited by Yemen and other countries. According to now.mmedia.me the army troops of Mahdi Army has entered in South Syria through Druze Mountain to assist President Assad in controlling protesters in the country. This intervention of Mahdi Army was a clear message to progressive socialist party leader of Syria Walid Jumblatt, who was raising his voice to get help for uprising of Syria internationally, that this uprising is going to be crushed by President Bashar with the help of Iranian guards. Iran has shown its full and deep commitments to Syrian regime by helping the regime in Damascus where a severe crackdown was implemented by President Bashar with the full assistance of Iranian Mahdi Army. This severe crackdown of Mahdi Army resulte d in the brutal killings of 6,000 protesters in Damascus. A video is been leaked in YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIQOMlk9WcI) in which a sniper soldier of Mahdi Army has been captured by the Syrian rebels, in the video this prisoner is admitting that he was sent to Syria to kill Syrian protesters to help President Bashar Assad. This sniper is the member of Mahdi Army in Iraq that means President Bashar has strong relations and contacts with Mahdi Army. Hezbollah Group: President Bashar called the Hezbollah group to crush down the uprising voices in Syria. Hezbollah is the group that has advanced artillery and well trained soldiers to face any rebellion situation. On the request of President Bashar the Lebanese Hezbollah joined the government forces to fight against the rebel groups in the country. Hezbollah is the close ally of President Bashar al-Assad and this is giving full support to assist the President in crushing the hated protest against him in Syria. In this fight, Hezbollah group have killed more than 70,000 people in Syria. Hezbollah is securing President Bashar regime like a strong wall in the country on the request of Iran. The intervention of Hezbollah in Syria has complicated the situation of Syria more intensively. One of the most important protester leaders Ahmad al-Assir has called his supporter to face Hezbollah group with full power and let them taste the sand in the fight. On his call many volunteer rebels have made them prepar e to fight against Hezbollah to the last drop of their blood. The fight between Hezbollah and rebellion groups of Syria has increased the tense situation of the country. A worst war has been out broken just because of the natural hatred against Hezbollah in the mind and heart of the people of Syria. This fight of Hezbollah and the rebellion groups had been resulted in a great massacre in Syria. A large numbers of people have died from both sides in this conflict. The situation is getting worse as time passes. The full support of President Bashar to Hezbollah has made the protester angrier and the wave of fight, protest and hatred against President Bashar has grown worse and the enmity has reached to the peak. (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/26/hezbollah-syria-war_n_3160447.html?utm_hp_ref=world) Jabaht Al-Nusra Group: Jabaht Al-Nusra has risen as a most opposing group against President Bashar regime. This group is the major fighting force in Syria. This group is fully equipped with fully trained and ready to die fighters and the numbers of fighters in this group are increasing. Jabaht Al-Nusra has one more important characteristic of having a vast and strong network bounding relationships with other Islamic groups like Al-Tawhid, Liwa Al-Ummah, Ahrar Al-Sham, Suqur Al-Sham and Jund-Alsham. The altogether numbers of fighters in these groups are around 40,000; most of them are actually the local Syrian people who joined this group just because of getting annoyed by the policies and harsh treatment of President Bashar against his own countrymen. Jabaht Al-Nusra is in the front line of opposition against President Bashar, which are opposing Bashers regime by using weapons. Recent news has confirmed that Jabaht Al-Nusra has links with the terrorist group Al-Qaida. According to BBC News, Al-Qaida for th e very first time has announced the Jabaht Al-Nusra group as a part of its network that are fighting in Syria. The leader of Al-Qaida Abu Bakr al Baghdadi has said that the Jabaht Al-Nusra group is fighting in Syria for the establishment of an Islamic state in Syria. This declaration is made in an audio message in which the suspicious links of these two groups has been confirmed by Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, head of Islamic State in Iraq. This group has claimed to be an influential power behind a numbers of suicide bombing attacks in Syria at the time of uprising which started in Syria in March 2011. The United Nation has declared this Islamic group Jabaht Al-Nusra as a blacklist terrorist organization because of its brutal and merciless suicide bombing attacks in Syria and increasing the conflict situation in the country. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22078022) 2.2 Impact of External Lobby: United States Of America: The United States of America has raised its voice against the brutal killings of civilians in Syria but has no plan to intervene in the country currently. In Syria the dictatorship is so strong that United State has no control over this Arab regime. In the start of this uprising the position of United States was vague regarding the situation of Syrian regime. It was not clear that if the United States wanted the regime to fall or sustain. The Syrian regime is providing a secure border to Israel. United States always wanted to secure Israel and in the current regime of Assad the borders of Israel are more secure. The current regime of Syria is very clear and straightforward regarding Palestinian organizations in Syria; according to current regime the Palestinian organizations and fighters groups are banned to plan or execute their martial operations against Israel from Syrian land. United States is well aware that the next regime in Syria will not give as strong border to Israel like the current regime is providing. The down fall of the current regime may bring weaker borders of Syria with Israel and the exile groups of militants from Iraq, Libya and Palestinian fighter may have an uninterrupted entrance in Israel. Thats why the intentions of U.S. for Syria are sceptical. In the past few months the news of chemical arms used by Bashar have been exposed by the media and now the U.S. are showing more concern in the situation of Syria. US President Barrack Obama has promised to conduct a vigorous investigation about the use of chemical weapons by Syrian forces and warned the Syrian regime that this act of theirs can be a turning point of the relationship of US with Syria. He furthermore said that not only US but all around the world have to recognize and need to stand against the use of chemical weapon on civilian populations. (https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/nowsyrialatestnews/obama-vows-vigorous-probe-into-syria-chemical-arms-claims) Iran Iran is the strongest ally of President Basher and his government since the time of uprising started in the country. Iran has the concept that all the riots and protest in the Syria are held on the signals of America. All the protests are pro-American and these riots have nothing to do with the benefits of Middle East. Iran is assisting President Bashar with its army and artillery to crush down the revolution. The President Bashar and Iranian government has good relationships. The main reason of this good relationship is the same religious views between them. The Iranian government is following the Shiaism religion and the regime of Syria is also the followers of same religion. This similarity of religion has brought both the allies more close to each other. Iran is assisting President Bashar with all kinds of assistance. The army of Iran is currently present in Syria to fight with protesters and rebellion groups. A large number of people are killed by the Iranian soldiers in Syria. Syrian regime is relying on the loyalties of Iran and getting a massive support from the Iran. Iran considers the President Bashar a strong ally and if Bashar regime fails in Syria then it is considered that one wing of Iran will broke. For this purpose Iran is using all its resources to secure the regime of President Bashar. All the contacts of Iran are being used by the Iranian government to save President Bashar. The main contacts of Iran are from Iraq to Lebanon. Irans defence minister Ahmed Vahidi has announced publically that if Syrian regime could not succeeded in putting down the uprising then Iran would dispatched its military help to Syria after signing a mutual defence agreement between Iran and Syria. In the uprising of Syria the Iran is assisting President Bashar to keep his power to him through all possible means like, cash, military, weapons and fighters. (http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444230504577615393756632230.html) Turkey In the beginning of uprising in the Syria the Turkey was concerned to keep its relation with the regime of the Syria. Initially Turkey did not say anything openly in favor of opponents of President Bashar. Turkey started to rethink over its stance on Syria by the summer of 2011 when a large number of civilians were killed brutally in Hama and Latakia by Syrian army. In August, the foreign minister of Turkey Ahmet Davutoglu arranged a meeting with President Assad that continues for six hours. In this highly official meeting between two countries the Turkish foreign minister warned President Assad that if the killing of civilian did not stop immediately then Turkey will stop dialogue with Syria. In June the next month of this meeting, the patronage NGOs of Turkey started gathering Syrian opposition groups in Istanbul after the approval and consent of Turkish government. The participants of this gathering were not interested to discuss on titles like Change for Syria or National Freedom Conference, rather they demanded that President Assad and his supporter first step down from the government and then discussion about new Syria will started with them. The Syrian National Council (SNC) came into existence in Istanbul and it represented itself as a main political address party for opposition. Turkey unlocked its borders for the Syrian rebel groups. In July 2011, a large numbers of retired Syrian army soldiers reached in Syria under the leadership of retired air force colonel Riyad al-Assad. These groups of retired soldiers made an organization in Turkey named Free Syrian Army. The main objective of this organization was to work hand in hand to get freedom from President Assads cruel government. This organization proved itself as an umbrella organization and strongly opposed the concept of table talk with President Bashar regime. In September 2011, Turkey has decided to finish all the contacts and relationships with Syrian regime and imposed army restriction on its s outh border. The good relationship between two countries has come to an end and Turkey has announced the Syrian National Council (SNC) as an official representative of the Syrian Opposition. http://www.merip.org/mero/mero012813