Naming the Three Anonumous Photographs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Naming the Three Anonumous Photographs - Essay Example The child being La Shawndrea and the mother being Tiny. Although not immediately eminent in the photograph that Tiny was crying then, her mood was depicted in the clarity of the shot. Wanting to find out more about Tiny, a quick search on Streetwise revealed that in the Spring of 1983 â€Å"Tiny is a fourteen-year-old girl, malnourished, an accomplished prostitute with a lengthy record of occupational diseases; her alcoholic mother says that Tinys prostitution is "just a phase." Tiny’s real name is Erin Charles and as of 2006, she already bore nine children. I think in the photograph, Tiny was lost in her thoughts or seriously reflecting on the events of her life. There was not much details on attached on the photograph except that it was taken by Mary Ellen Mark in Seattle, Washington, in 1999. So I surmise, the reflective details of my â€Å"before readings† were basically true. The only statement definitely incorrect was the identity of the photographer, who was originally though of to be â€Å"possibly be a member of the family – the father, or brother, or even a sister†. As it turned out, Mary Ellen who had been in close contact with Tiny since taking her photographs in 1983, continue to make Tiny the subject of her contemporary photos . The â€Å"before readings† essay was totally out of context. Who would have known that those guys were indicted for violation of civil rights of three murdered civil-rights volunteers? They do not appear any more remorse for what is forthcoming or what has been done. The photograph does not clearly show that these men are in court, attending their trial. I believe this photograph is a clear example of possibly deceiving the viewers without the appropriate content. If I had made appropriate reflection on what these guys were doing â€Å"before readings† – I could have reflected more that I knew what this photograph was all about. It seems to be totally strange that these guys were basically sneering and all in happy

Food Scarcity in Djibouti

Food Scarcity in Djibouti Djibouti is a small arid country in Eastern Africa. It has extremely important and convenient transshipment facilities at the mouth of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Its terrestrial neighbors are Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. Maritime neighbor is Yemen. Djibouti has a convenient geographical position in means of trade. Its capital and main port Addis Ababa transports about 60 percent of Ethiopian export goods. Djibouti has a lot of problems. Its climate is arid. There are few fertile lands in Djibouti. Neighboring Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia impose additional tension in the region. Conflicts between Somalia and Eritrea adversely affect Djibouti. Bilateral ties between Djibouti and Eritrea were suspended in the period of 1998-2000. Such instability harms Djibouti and aggravates its economic lagging. Djibouti’s population comprises two main ethnical groups: Muslim tribe Issai with Somalian origin and Afars with Ethiopian origin. Scarcity of food and water are the most severe problems in Djibouti. There is also lack of expertise in dealing with these problems (Zoungrana, 2013). High unemployment and high food prices exacerbate the situation. The local government is seemed to be unable to improve the situation. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET) reports, that Djiboutis urban centers like Balbala, Radiska, and Baulaos suffer food insecurity. Moreover, rural areas encounter food insecurity, too. Imed Khanfir, a programme adviser with the UN World Food Programme (WFP) reports, that about 42,600 people are severely food insecure with 24,300 others moderately food insecure in Djibouti. An overall population is 774,389 citizens by 2012. USAID provide Djibouti with food aid for 150,000 or one-fourth of the overall Djibouti’s population. Unstable economic situation is aggravated by the instant threat of the civil war between the tribes of Issais and Afars. Thus, the leader of ethnic groups dealt to share positions in the government. When the president is Issais’ representative, the prime minister must be of Afars’ origin. The Cabinet of Ministers positions also ought to be distributed among Issais and Afars. In 1990s Issais managed to usurp the whole government. This fact caused Afars’ outrage and provoked a civil war in Djibouti. Another Djibouti’s problem is an undemocratic and authoritarian tendency. Djibouti’s president Ismail Omar Guelleh has already served two terms as a president of the country, but 2010 Constitutional amendment allowed him to be reelected for the third term. Nevertheless, international community and U.S. are seemed to tolerate such situation because of the Guelleh’s agreement to erect US military base and anti-terrorist center in Djibouti. U.S. military base brought stability in the region, but did not eliminate all problems and threats. On the one hand, Djibouti was severely affected by the drought which hit the region in 2011. The number of drought influenced people rose from 120,000 in 2010 to 206,000 in 2011. Drought impact was aggravated by a large influx of refugees fleeing the conflict and drought in Somalia and other neighboring countries. This adds enormously to the burden on the already overstretched social service system. Another huge problem in Djibouti is its government inability to respond quickly the situation due to the elections. Every election makes government stagger and implement different initiatives very slowly. Electoral process makes government inactive and unable to solve the urgent needs of its people. Every new election causes a wholesale reorganization of the government, which initiates a set of new government initiatives which also had the effect of decreasing the government responsiveness. On the other hand, GDP growth remained relatively sufficient though it dropped short of expectations in 2011. The average GDP growth in period of 2005-2010 was around 5%. After five years of growth, economy slowed to 4.6% growth in 2011 against a predicted rate of 5.1%. The main guarantees for growth were foreign direct investment (FDI), mainly from Gulf Cooperation Council countries, into projects located around the port and construction and in the tourism sector. Concerning per capita income, the growth of the economy reached 1263 USD in 2010, qualifying Djibouti for middle income country (MIC) status under international classification. Military presence of France, the USA and Japan guarantee Djibouti’s economy additional significant revenue. Population growth is estimated at 2.18 percent every year. Djibouti Human Development Index was 0.430 in 2011, ranking the country 165 out of 187 countries. In 2010, life expectancy was 58 years, while mean years of school education was 3.8. UN still possesses no data concerning the scales of poverty in Djibouti in 2013. According to the period of the past five years, the situation did not improve, but deteriorated further in 2013. The overall amount of people living below the national poverty line more than doubled between 2002 and 2009 while the rate of people living below the nationwide extreme poverty line increased similarly over the same period. It is obvious that the economic growth of the recent past has not yet affected the poverty reduction for the large part of the population. The Government is seemed to neglect all the possibilities in expanding the humanitarian assistance taking into account the military presence in the country. New middle income country status has closed access to many grant and concessionary lending. MIC status is very unstable according to a huge amount of people living below extreme poverty line. There are no new international NGOs established operations since 2011 despite the drought emergency. The government should take more care about involving international NGO. As a result, Djibouti’s government keeps relying on UN support for technical assistance in key strategic spheres related to poverty alleviation. UN help the Djibouti’s government to accumulate resources from donors to address humanitarian needs of the most unprotected groups, influenced by the recurrent droughts. As a result, Djiboutian households keep experiencing strong food related economic pressures. The average cost of the basic food basket in 2011 remained well above the average cost for the previous five years. In 2011, the drought emergency that hit the region of Djibouti, Somalia and Ethiopia further aggravated the uneasy situation of the most vulnerable segments of the population, particularly those residing in the rural areas. The drought provoked the continued accumulation of livestock losses (close to 80 percent of the cattle in some areas) with a similar influence on the livelihoods of the nomadic population. Rural dwellers keep migrating to the urban areas swelling urban unemployment (60%) and poverty (42.1% extreme poverty). As a result, the UN Country Team had to devote an increased amount of time to accumulate resources to support humanitarian interventions in 2011. Furthermore, the drought and worsening insecurity in South Somalia kept provoking increases in the number of refugees infiltrating Djibouti. The quantity of refugees in the Ali Addeh camp rose from 12,000 to more than 14,000 over the course of 2010 and to 19,500 refugees at the end of 2011, a significant increase for a country of 818,159 people. In addition, the influx of migrants from Ethiopia, rushing towards Djibouti City, in seek of employment, and Yemen, the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia) via the Bab el-Mandeb Straits also continued, and reached spectacular figures at certain points in the year. The civil war threat follows Djibouti since 1991. Afars’ minority struggled with Issa-dominated government. The conflict ended by signing a peace agreement in 1999 and electing a new president. Thus, recurrent influx of new refugees and immigrants from the neighboring countries reignites the conflict time after time. Peace agreement did not eliminate local violence. Ethiopian military operation in Somalia affected Djibouti negatively. Population was divided in their support of the belligerents. Djibouti has a significant number of people infected by HIV/AIDS. About 1 percent of the population lives with HIV (approximately 7,700 citizens [6,200-9,400]). The most vulnerable group is children, born by HIV/AIDS infected mothers. The UN Refugee Agency prescribes the main objectives and targets for 2014 for Djibouti. Among the main goals is refusal in refoulement and access to the refugee camps in Djibouti. Every month there are up to 400 new refugees in Djibouti from southern Somalia. About 2,700 refugees from Ethiopia and Eritrea also seek for asylum in Djibouti. The UN bodies provide regular trainings for Djibouti’s staff in order to help boarder guards and law-enforcement officials. All refugee children must be provided with birth certificates. Djibouti’s government with the UN Refugee Agency assistance ought to provide basic needs and essential services to the refugees. Basic needs include sanitation and hygiene conditions. The Holl-Holl and Ali-Addeh camps were provided with about 2,000 family latrines and 200 garbage pits. At least once a month UN employees conduct hygiene-awareness campaigns and camp clean-ups. Sanitation interventions must be frequent in order to protect refugees from he alth hazards. Djibouti’s problems are seemed to make vicious circle. On the one hand, arid climate and absence of oil deposits complicate enormously the economic growth in Djibouti. Regional instability, civil war, excessive immigrants’ influx aggravate the situation. The government has no financial resources to instigate industrial development let alone the environment protection issues. 40 percent of citizens live below the extreme poverty line. 1 percent is infected by AIDS/HIV. Djibouti’s GDP grows, but the positive result is erased by the loans’ repayments. . Djibouti imports almost 90 percent of its food and 100 percent of its fuel, which makes it even more vulnerable to the droughts and food prices on the world market. The country is seemed to be hostage of its own climate and lack of mineral resources and oil. Budget income grows due to transshipment and port fees, Djibouti’s monopoly to export goods from Ethiopia by railroads to the port Addis Ababa. Another positive factor is a military presence of France, the USA and Japan. Military bases pay taxes to the state budget and help fighting terrorism in the region. International Monetary Fund praises Djibouti for almost 5 percent GDP growth per annum. Nevertheless, the aforementioned factors burden the economy and oblige to raise taxes. International humanitarian assistance is still insufficient for the overall welfare in Djibouti. IMF recommends the government of Djibouti to implement reforms in the public sector and avoid unnecessary budget expenditures.   Works cited â€Å"United Nations Development Group† .http://www.undg.org/unct.cfm?module=CoordinationProfilepage=CountryCountryID=DJIfuseaction=UN%20Country%20Coordination%20Profile%20for%20Djibouti The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Web. 29 Dec. 2013. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html>. The Vital Port of Djibouti Receives International Aid Read more: Djibouti: Geography, History, Politics, and More | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/country/djibouti.html?pageno=2 Zoungrana, S. Food insecurity looms in Djibouti. 15 07 2013. Web. 29 Dec. 2013. http://www.irinnews.org/report/98408/food-insecurity-looms-in-djibouti>. Resident Coordinator Annual Report 2011 for Djibouti. n.d. n. page. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. http://www.undg.org/rcar2011.cfm?fuseaction=RCARctyIDC=DJIP=1625>. â€Å"Djibouti: Fifth Review Under the Extended Credit Facility – IMF.† 19 May. 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr12197.pdf â€Å"2013 UNHCR country operations profile – Djibouti.† Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e483836

The Joy Of Laughter :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Joy Of Laughter Laughter is defined by dictionary.com as "the act of expressing certain emotions, especially mirth or delight, by a series of spontaneous, usually unarticulated sounds often accompanied by corresponding facial and bodily movements."(1) A thesaurus offers immense amounts of synonyms for the word "laugh", including giggle, cackle, chortle, snort, chuckle, crow, howl, snicker, snigger, convulse, titter, and the list goes on.(2) There are many words to describe laughter because it is such an integral part of our lives. The question of why we laugh may first be answered by looking at laughter in the purely physiological sense, which has been studied as gelotology. Then we can look at the effects of laughter, not just physically, but mentally and socially as well. After going over the oft-overlooked background of laughter, we can delve into the motivations behind our laughter. The actual flow of physical effects in the brain after hearing a joke are as follows. First, the left side of the cortex analyzes the words and structure of the joke. Then the brain's large frontal lobe becomes very active. This part of the brain has a lot to do with social emotional responses. After this, the right hemisphere of the cortex helps with comprehension of the joke. Then stimulation of the motor sections occurred, producing the physical responses of laughter.(3) The production of laughter is also highly involved with certain parts of the brain. For example, the central cortex has been found to have a negative electrical wave as a person laughs. The hypothalamus, part of the central cortex, has been found to be a main contributor to the production of loud, uncontrollable laughter. The combination of the set of gestures and production of sound is what makes up laughter. The actual muscles that create a smile are fifteen facial muscles which contract and stimulate the zygomatic major muscle, which basically lifts your upper lip. When the epiglottis half-close the larynx, the respiratory system is upset which causes air intake to occur irregularly, making you gasp. (3) In extreme circumstances, the tear ducts are activated, so that while the mouth is opening and closing and the struggle for oxygen intake continues, the face becomes moist and often red. Laughs can range in sound from virtually silent to noisy guffaws. The overall physical effects of laughter are that laughter stimulates the immune system. The experience of laughter lowers serum cortisol levels.

Customer Benefit Package †Walmart versus Luxury Clothier

Walmart is no one of the largest retail stores in North America. It is considered to be one of the most efficiently run retail business worldwide. To compare Walmart to luxury retailers has numerous contrasting factors both in goods and services provided. The most significant factor is the price when comparing Walmart to luxury retailers. Walmart is committed to saving its customers money so they can live a better life; this is why their products are reasonably priced goods whereas luxury retailers tend be highly priced.Walmart’s mission statement: â€Å"People, Saving Money, Living a Better Live† To contrast the Customer Benefit Package of Walmart against a luxury clothier for purchasing a new formal dress, there are many contributing factors. Depending on the person will dictate the types of benefits from the products to satisfy your needs. Typical sources of a Customer Benefit Package are GOOD COMPARATIVE PRICE, GOOD QUALITY, GOOD WARRANTY SERVICES, REPUTABLE COMPANY , KNOWN PRODUCT/BRAND, LOW AFTER-SALES COSTS, PROMPT DELIVERY, WELL DESIGNED PRODUCT, FASHIONALBE, and EASE OF PURCHASE AND RELIABLILITY.Price, Walmart has definitely an advantage over its competitors particularly a luxury clothier for the purchase of a formal dress. I would like to compare Walmart to Lane Fashions; this is a local luxury ladies shop in my local community. Lane prices are definitely higher than Walmart, but in terms of quality, Lane sources out quality products to consumers and this is a quality that the customer expects as compared to Walmart, which has limits on their stocks on per style, per season based on purchase cost.Shopping at luxury clothier gives the customer a sense of pride knowing that not too many others will have the same item in their closet. Luxury clothiers are focused on quality, style and design for their business. Lane Fashions carries numerous well-known brands, for example Artex, Bianca Nyard, City Girl, FDJ, Joseph Ribkoff, and so on. They a re trusted brands for style, designs, fit, and sophistication with upscale fashion and offer excellent one on one customer services.These would be an advantage over Walmart, also, if living in my community, there is no Walmart, you would have to travel 45 minutes to the nearest store outlet. Luxury clothier provides their customer with assistance in referring or suggesting other products, and such accessories that go well with your purchase. In Walmart they have their house brand, â€Å"George† which provides the customer with reasonable priced products. They do carry other brands so there is more for the consumer to choose from, but nothing to compare to a luxury clothier.The difference here would be the preference of the customer, do you want a good fitting piece of clothing, and do you care about the brand name. A luxury clothier will have the variety of choices in clothing, and in accessories to go well with the clothing they sell. The staff is knowledgeable about the pro ducts they are selling are very able to assist the customer with their purchase. Walmart does not provide these kinds of services, there will be no suggestions on products or accessories, their staff are not trained to provide these types of services.Service is a major factor in the contrast between Walmart and a luxury clothier. This is a major role in the decision making process of the customer. Am I satisfied with how the store staff assisted me? Did I have an intimate shopping experience? How long did I have to stand in line to pay for my purchase? Was the store staff courteous and knowledgeable about the products? If your experience is a wonderful one you will come back to this store as a repeat customer, due to how the staff treated you, if they make you feel like a V. I. P.Walmart offers various after sales services, in some locations they are open 24 hours a day. The Cash Back Reward program that they have entices customers to shop in their stores and keeps customers coming back. These could be an advantage over the luxury clothiers, as they may not have these programs or services available for their customers. They also have a very adequate return policy wherein they freely accept returns within a specified time frame, but in my experience, if the staff does not check out the returned items and re-shelf them, then other consumers will purchase the defective/returned product.Walmart has numerous cashiers but often there are very few open and so you usually are standing in line for a while. For a luxury clothier they usually have a couple of cashiers, and on a busy day, like the Christmas season you could have to stand in a line but normally on a regular day there would no long lines at the cashiers. Walmart’s purpose is â€Å"by offering the best possible prices on the products our customers’ need, so we can help them afford something extra† to provide the customer with a â€Å"one-stop† shopping experience.They offer variou s products, food, clothing, housewares, gift items, garden centre, automobile centre, salons, and photo centre. They provide fast food within the store, Tim Horton’s and McDonald’s. They also provide on-line shopping. There are definitely numerous contrasts of ideas between Walmart and a luxury clothier. In this document there have been many contributing factors mentioned. Why does the consumer shop at Walmart?I believe like many consumers the main reason would be convenience, one-stop shopping centre and once you are in the store you definitely impulse buy; after sales service and the price. In a luxury clothier, it is for the experience of one on one customer services, the brand name of the clothing you are looking for, the quality, reliability of the product, image of a luxury clothier, updated style/fashion. I will always shop for certain products at Walmart, but for my evening wear I will always shop at a luxury clothier.

Analyzing “Frankenstein” †Formalist Perspective Essay

The formalist method of literary criticism is primarily focused on the text itself, rather than external topics such as history and background, the author’s biographical information, or the social contexts which surround a piece of work. In the formalist perspective, we ask ourselves, why did the author choose to write his or her work in this specific style? Why did he or she choose to include certain literary elements? â€Å"What matters most to the formalist critic is how the work comes to mean what it does–how its resources of language are deployed by the writer to convey meaning† (DiYanni 2076). A reader can employ the formalist method to decipher many meanings in Mary Shelley’s classic text Frankenstein. Shelley uses setting, foreshadowing, point of view, and characterization so that the reader can gain a sense of suspense and anticipation, which are all essential to the book’s distinctive gothic mood and tone. A fundamental factor of the formalist outlook is the setting of the text. Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† has a very dark, gloomy setting that reflects the hideousness of the monster and society’s reaction to him, as well as our own. A very important factor of the setting is the weather: â€Å"Our situation was somewhat dangerous, especially as we were compassed round by a very thick fog.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (page 8). The description gives the reader a feeling of interaction with the characters in the novel and with the environment also. The narrative generates a sense of suspense that entrances the reader. The text itself relies on the setting because the reader needs to feel the emotions arising from the novel and that’s why Mary Shelley integrated this into the story using the creature’s monstrosity and nature as an element of anticipation. As a result, these components are crucial to the book’s triumph. In chapter ten, we see how Victor reacts to his surroundings. While at Chamounix Valley, he feels consolation at the nature that surrounds him. At the same time, he notes that the landscape is characterized by disorder and destruction: the valley is plagued by constant avalanches, and it often seems that the mountains themselves will crash down on Victor’s head. â€Å"The ascent is precipitous†¦It is a scene terrifically desolate†¦where trees lie broken and strewed on the ground†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (page 93). As though he wanted to  conquer the mountains that are so dangerously overwhelming, he climbed to the top of Montanvert, one of the region’s most forbidding glaciers. While at the top, Victor begins to feel the massive power nature has over man. While Victor is undergoing a major change in his perspective, we see what effect the setting has on him. Victor being at the top of such a dangerous glacier also foreshadows the coming of danger. When the monster shows up, the reader begins to speculate as to what kind of confrontation Victor is going to have with the monster. If this same meeting between Victor and the Monster were set in a field of flowers, we would definitely have a completely different idea of the text, and it would change the story incredibly. The immense snow coverage, high altitude, and the dangers of the glacier give the reader a better understanding of the text. Mary Shelley’s novel left an impression on its readers because of its dark tone. She used deliberately used foreshadowing as a method of enticing the reader and drawing them into her suspenseful story. The story of â€Å"Frankenstein† starts off with Robert Walton’s string of letters to his sister, Margaret Saville. Walton’s letters utilize a literary device called framing, which sets up the major premise of the novel. The use of multiple narratives calls the reader’s attention to the telling of the story, adding layers of complexity to the intricate relationship between author and reader. As Walton listens to Victor’s story, so does his sister. As his sister reads Victor’s story, so does the reader. By using the framing method, Shelley may have been trying to link her novel to the oral tradition of telling ghost stories which inspired her to write her own novel. In addition to setting the scene for the telling of Victor’s narrative, Walton’s letters introduce an important character: Walton himself. Walton’s second letter introduces the idea of loss and loneliness, as Walton complains that he has no friends with whom to share his triumphs and failures, no sensitive ear to listen to his dreams and ambitions. Walton turns to Victor as the friend he has always wanted. His search for companionship parallels the monster’s desire for a mate later in the novel. â€Å"But I have one want which I have never been yet to satisfy†¦I have no friend, Margaret: when I am glowing with the enthusiasm of success, there will be none to participate my joy; if I am assailed by disappointment, no  one will endeavour to sustain me in dejection†¦I desire the company of a man who could sympathize with me, whose eyes would reply to mine.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (page 18). This similarity between man and monster becomes clearer as the novel progresses. It suggests that the two may not be as different as they seem. Framing helps the reader find the interrelation among the characters and come up with observations that would be concealed in other circumstances. The framing technique also makes the story more compelling because Walton will eventually see the monster at the end of the novel. The story about the creature would just be a story, if not for Walton’s personal encounter with Frankenstein and his creation. Shelley uses Walton and the framing perspective to add validity to the novel. Another important part of analyzing using the formalist perspective is looking at characters’ relationships and roles in the novel. Most obviously, in Frankenstein, there is the creator, Victor Frankenstein, and the creation, the monster. But what do these roles mean? A creator is one who brings something into existence; Victor literally creates the monster’s body piece by piece and it becomes his sole obsession in his scientific career, but Victor stops there. Once the monster’s body is created, it is abandoned, physically and mentally. This is where Victor fails his role as a creator; he fails to see through the full development and process of his creation. If Victor had taken the role of a mentor or father and helped his creation develop mentally, he and the monster would have been united in the book instead of becoming bitter enemies. Instead Victor repeatedly turns away, rejects, and loathes the monster: â€Å"My abhorrence of this fiend could not be concei ved!†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (page 81). The monster however tries to fulfill his role as creation as much as possible. He is trusting in his creator, until he realizes that he has been abandoned and what he is to society â€Å"Was I, then, a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all men fled and whom all men disowned?† Still yet, the monster realizes that as his creator, Victor is obligated to endow some happiness upon his creation: â€Å"Do you duty towards me, and I will do mine towards you and the rest of mankind.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ (page 89). The monster now recognizes himself as a monster, but still knows it is Victor’s duty to aid him, and sadly concedes that society will never accept him for anything because of his appearance. One of the other roles portrayed  in Frankenstein is that of Master and Slave. Unlike the creator and creation roles, this relationship changes during the course of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Frankenstein was working for himself and created the monster for the advancement of science. The monster had no power because he was dumped and abandoned in an unknown world; he barely knows what to eat at this point. Victor still lived in his society with his friends and allies. Later in the book, the balance of power begins to shift as the monster recognizes the great physical power he has, because Victor created it to be better that himself. Also Victor begins to find his power slipping when he cannot begin to turn to his friends and family because of what he has created and done. However, when the two meet, the power switches. The monster proceeds to tell his tale and uses his power of persuasion to use Victor. When Victor quits the female creation, the monster becomes supreme. During this period, Victor has almost no control because he created the monster to be better than himself, as the monster realizes early on. The monster knows that Victor cannot escape or keep up with him, thus is very open with his attacks against Victor. He knows that there is no retribution worse then the misery and hatred he has already experienced (and that was just for being created). Thus, he has nothing to lose; he shows Victor his supremacy by killing Elizabeth while Victor is in the house, and then escaping completely unscathed. During the scene in the graveyard, though, the power shifts once more between the two. The entire scene is filled with irony as the creation scoffs at the creator. The man of science invokes â€Å"spirits of the dead† and â€Å"wandering ministers of vengeance,† and the creator vows to destroy his creation. From this point on, the monster and Frankenstein are locked in a race towards oblivion. Neither have anything to lose, while both have all they have left in life to gain. The final satisfaction of the annihilation of the other and the peace of death is all that lay ahead of them. Victor becomes the haunting and trailing harasser to the monster. Neither have anyone to help them on their journey. The monster has destroyed all of Victor’s support, and in doing so, assured that he shall never be accepted by anyone. They have nothing left in their lives accept hatred for one another and thus, follow this hatred blindly into nothingness. Another trend in reading the story is Frankenstein’s lack of recognizing the creature as his own–in essence, not giving the monster his name–. This is the creature’s root problem. The monster is called plenty of names by his creator, from at best, â€Å"the accomplishment of my toils† to â€Å"wretch,† â€Å"miserable monster,† and â€Å"filthy demon.† The monster possesses familiar impulses to seek knowledge and companionship, but he has no name, and therefore, no identity. So, he cannot obtain these basic things he so longs for, which leads to his problems. â€Å"Monster† is extremely harsh, but is the first thing introduced into our frame of mind. The monster does not even give himself a name other than what has been previously stated. Sympathy for the anonymous being and our confusion of creator and created, as well as our interest in depicting the creature’s human side indicate an unconscious acknowledgement of Frankenstein. Walton notes the possibility of living a â€Å"double existence† representing as a self-divided mind in conflict with itself. The monster and his creator are two halves of the same being. Shelley doesn’t give the monster a name to clearly point out the contradictions but also, the connections between Frankenstein and his creation. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is an innovative work that weaves a tale of passion, misery, dread, and remorse that personifies the gothic novel. The mood for Frankenstein is set from the very first pages of the story. In a gothic novel, the setting is usually dark and brooding. The setting can bring about feelings of short-lived happiness, loneliness, isolation, and despair. Shelley’s writing shows how the varied and dramatic settings of Frankenstein can create this gloomy atmosphere and tone. The â€Å"dreary night of November,† where the monster first comes to life is a defining moment in the dramatic tale. Shelley can sustain the mood and create a distinct picture and it is admirable the way she begins to foreshadow coming danger. Shelley writes so that the reader sees and feels these scenes taking permanent hold on the memory. She also uses the framing perspective to add realism to the story. We, as the reader, are actually transported into the story through this method of point of view. We are seeing Frankenstein’s amazing tale through the words of Robert Walton and through the eyes of Margaret Saville. The connection between the two main characters,  Frankenstein and the monster, is crucial to the story’s success as well. The dynamic shifts, bonds, rifts that grow between these two set the pace and conflict throughout the story. We are able to notice how Victor’s own actions, as well as the monster’s choices, greatly determine the flow and direction of the novel. Had, for example, Frankenstein followed through and nurtured the monster (maybe giving it a name, at the least), they both would have become a great asset to society, instead of a menace. The uses of foreshadowing, point of view, and characterization help the reader to experience the life in which Frankenstein is accustomed to. The author depicts the time period, mood, and tone with the use of setting and plot structure, which is necessary to the understanding of the novel.